The following is an English translation of pp. 52-62 of Masao Maruyama, Nihon no shiso (The Idea of Japan), 1961, Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten.
The reason for this partial translation is that the subject matter raised in the book is a prominent one that has been frequently referred to in Japanese discourse from the late 1960s to the late 1980s. However, I do not believe that there is only an intellectual-historical problem in the specific historical context of postwar Japan. The rise of Marxism after World War II was a worldwide phenomenon. It is hard to imagine now, but Marxism was the leading intellectual item in the intellectual salons in the West at that time. I might add that in my personal assessment of this discussion, I feel there is a possibility of invoking a more universal set of issues apart from those, but I will post that as a separate article when I am ready.
Masao Maruyama, Nihon no shiso (The Idea of Japan), 1961, Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten

Masao Maruyama, The Idea of Japan, 1961, Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: The Idea of Japan (pp.1-66)
Preface: Lack of Ideological Coordinates in Japan, etc.
1. The Premature Appearance of Ideological Exposure, etc.
2. The Unlimited Responsibility of Subjects in "Kokutai", etc.
3. The System of Irresponsibility in the Emperor System, etc.
4. [English translation below of this article: Blogger's Note].
Conclusion
Chapter 2: Thought and Literature in Modern Japan: A Case Study (pp.67-122)
Preface: Politics-Science-Literature, etc.
1. How to Formulate the Problem of Literature and Politics at the End of the Meiji Era, etc.
2. Political and Scientific Totalism in Proletarian Literary Theory, etc.
3. The Search for "Autonomy" in Each Cultural Domain, etc.
Conclusion
Chapter 3: On the State of Ideas (pp.123-152)
Humans rely on images to make judgments
New reality created by images
The emergence of cloak-and-dagger language in organizations and the precipitation of prejudice
The flood of victim consciousness, etc.
Chapter 4 "Being" and "Doing" (pp.153-180)
Those who "sleep on their rights"
"Being" society and "being" morality
The Social Rise of "Doing" Organizations
The perversion of the value of "doing" and the value of "being," etc.
Afterword
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