In the early modern era (1618-1648), the "Thirty Years' War," also known as World War zero, burned the central part of the European continent to the ground, and finally the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope fell to the ground. The "Treaty of Westphalia" system was established, under which the various "Sovereign States" of various sizes were lined up against each other. After this, there was no longer any (real legal) authority over the sovereign states. Consistently since then, until the present day, in the 21st century, the modern world has become an arena of power politics (the weak and the strong), where the great powers take the lead and join forces.
※cf. Collapse of Social Order and Salvation of the Individual: 本に溺れたい
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