Bergson and Whitehead: Similarities and Differences

I asked ChatGPT the following question. ChatGPT's response is shown below.

Question
"Please explain the similarities and differences between the philosophy of H. Bergson and the philosophy of A. N. Whitehead. If there is any evidence of mutual influence, please also provide that information."

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ChatGPT's Answer (20250305)

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ベルグソンとホワイトヘッド、その類似性と相違点

ChatGPTに下記の質問をしました。ChatGPTの回答は下段に掲示しました。

Question
「H.ベルグソンの哲学lとA.N.ホワイトヘッドの哲学の、類似点と対立する点があれば解説してください。相互に影響があったという事実があるなら、それも教えてください。」

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ChatGPT's Answer（20250305）

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Neo-Confucianism (Cheng-Zhu) living in Soseki／ 漱石に息づく《朱子学》

Natsume Sōseki (1867/Keiō 3 – 1916/Taishō 5) was, to put it positively, highly introspective—negatively, he had a tendency to overthink, worry excessively, and dwell on complaints. While this trait can be overwhelming in his fiction (at least for me), it truly shines in his essays.

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リチャード・ローティの二つの書評／ Two book reviews by Richard Rorty

以下の二つの引用は、ともに Richard Rorty のものです。

File:Una foto en la ventana de Rorty en Barcelona.jpg - Wikimedia Commons

書評A
Hans Blumenberg, The Legitimacy of Modern Age, 1983 MITpress (Die Legitimität der Neuzeit, 1966の英訳)
出典：Richard Rorty, 'Against Belatedness', London Review of Books, Vol. 5 No. 11 ・ 16 June 1983

書評B
Stephen Toulmin, Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity, 1990 Chicago UP
出典：The University of Chicago Press HP, Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity, Toulmin

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「資本主義」の歴史的起源／ The Historical Origins of “Capitalism”

ChatGPTに２つの質問をしました。Q1は、「資本主義」語彙の起源を、５か国語（英、独、仏、伊、西）で調べること。Q2は、オランダ語の「資本主義」語彙の起源です。下記、ご参考になれば幸甚です。

Q１
下記の語彙の、歴史上の初出の文献をおしえてください。
Capitalism（英語）
Kapitalismus（ドイツ語）
capitalisme（フランス語）
capitalismo（イタリア語）
capitalismo（スペイン語）

Q２
下記の語彙は、19世紀に使用が始まった、とChatGPTから回答をもらいました。19世紀の、その文献名を特定してください。文献名のオランダ語表記とその日本語訳でおねがいします。
kapitalisme（オランダ語）

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「ナショナリズム」の起源／ The Origin of “Nationalism”

以下の質問をChatGPTに実行し、下記の回答を得ました。
閲覧して頂く方にご参考になれば幸いです。

問
下記の語彙の、歴史上の初出の文献をおしえてください。
Nationalism（英語）
Nationalismus（ドイツ語）
nationalisme（フランス語）
nazionalismo（イタリア語）
nacionalismo（スペイン語）

続きを読む "「ナショナリズム」の起源／ The Origin of “Nationalism”"

20世紀におけるドイツ「概念史」とアメリカ「観念史」の思想史的比較 ／ A historical comparison of the German “Begriffsgeschichte” and American “History of Ideas”of the 20th century

以下の質問をChatGPTに実行し、下記の回答を得ました。こういった問題設定をあまり見かけたことが無いので、ご参考になれば幸甚です。

問
「20世紀における、ドイツの Begriffsgeschichte（概念史） グループと、米国の History of Ideas（観念史） グループの知的交流の有無、そして、相似点と相違点、21世紀から見た思想史学上のそれぞれの評価をおしえてください。」

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比較思想からみた「原罪」（peccatum originale／original sin）| Original Sin from the Perspective of Comparative Thought

積年の疑問がありましたので、ChatGPTに質問してみました。ご参考までに。

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問
旧約聖書「創世記」３章において、イブとアダムは、神の禁じた木の実を食べました。これを人間の神に対する原罪（peccatum originale／original sin）であるとする教説があります。この意味での「原罪」の教説が、下記の各宗教、あるいは各宗派にありますか。

①ユダヤ教（Judaism）

②ローマ・カトリック教会（Roman Catholic Church）

③ギリシア正教会（Greek Orthodox Church）

④イスラム教（al-Islām）

もし、各宗教、各宗派によって、「原罪」の教説の有無が一致しないのであれば、その理由を教えてください。

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Michael Oakeshott's Review(1949), O.S.Wauchope, Deviation into Sense, 1948

Below is a review by Michael Oakeshott published in the Times Literary Supplement (15 January 1949), p. 45.

Reviewed Book:

Oswald Stewart Wauchope, Deviation into Sense: The Nature of Explanation.
London: Faber and Faber, 1948.
[Japanese Translation: O.S. Wauchope / Translated by Motohiro Fukase, Mono no Kangaekata: Gōrisei e no Itsudatsu, Kōbundō, 1951 / Kōdansha Gakujutsu Bunko, 1984.]

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Annotations by the Blog Author:

Michael Oakeshott, one of the most important political philosophers of the 20th century, was an avid bibliophile and left behind an enormous number of reviews throughout his lifetime. Among them, remarkably, is a review he wrote for the Times Literary Supplement about the original English edition of Deviation into Sense by O.S. Wauchope—later translated into Japanese by the late Motohiro Fukase and published by Kōbundō in 1951 (and later reprinted by Kōdansha Gakujutsu Bunko).

This book was published by Faber & Faber, one of the most prestigious publishers in London at the time, where T.S. Eliot served as the director of its literary division. Given this, the book may have attracted some attention within London’s intellectual circles, yet it was largely ignored and left no significant intellectual traces. At the height of analytic philosophy in the Anglo-American world, books of this kind found little reception.

It was likely Eliot himself who made the decision to publish the completely unknown Wauchope instead of Animal Farm by George Orwell, which had been submitted four years earlier but was rejected. Choosing to reject Orwell—whose book would have undoubtedly sold well—while approving Wauchope’s work, which was unlikely to sell, seems to symbolize both Eliot’s eccentricity and his intellectual insight.

That being said, thanks to this decision, a remarkable Japanese translation of the book was produced, which later influenced Japanese psychiatry through the works of the late Hiroshi Yasunaga, ultimately contributing to the development of Yasunaga’s "phantom space theory." This may serve as another example of Elective Affinities (Die Wahlverwandtschaften) in Max Weber’s sense.

In his review, Oakeshott recognizes the intriguing and significant arguments presented by Wauchope, yet he appears somewhat hesitant. Even Oakeshott, for all his intellectual rigor, does not offer an unequivocal endorsement of the book’s profoundly countercultural greatness. The review concludes with the following words:

"But whatever error or incoherence in detail the reader may find to deplore, this is not the sort of book to which such error is fatal; it has enough genius, and more than enough vitality, to survive error far more gross."

Given that the book argues that Western civilization and its intellectual traditions have "deviated into rationality," it is understandable that even today, many Westerners might find this claim uncomfortable. However, for non-Westerners, this book is well worth a thorough read. If this blog post serves as an introduction to the book for new readers, nothing would bring me greater joy.

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Seki Hirono, Unearthing the Forgotten History of Ideas, 1985

original：Seki Hirono, Yaban to shiteno Ie-Shakai,1987, March, Ochanomizu Shobo、pp.378-80
First Publication：朝日ジャーナル、1985年11月1日、朝日新聞社

This is a review of the following book by the historian of ideas, Seki Hirono. It is an excellent review that is simple and to the point, so we are republishing it on our blog.

Albert O. Hirschman, The passions and the interests : political arguments for capitalism before its triumph, 1977, Princeton University Press
(Princeton University Press, 2013, 1st Princeton classics ed,pbk, foreword by Amartya Sen ; with a new afterword by Jeremy Adelman)

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